Filing the Application: A One-Month Deadline
The asylum application must be filed within a maximum of one month after entering Spanish soil. This filing can take place with the border police upon entry, or at the immigration office (Oficina de Extranjería) or designated police stations after entering the country.
Delaying the application without a valid reason can negatively affect the review process. If you face any obstacle to filing on time, it is advisable to contact a legal advisor as soon as possible.
The Personal Interview With the OAR
After the application is filed, the applicant is called for a personal interview with officials of the Asylum and Refuge Office (OAR). In this interview, the grounds for the asylum application, personal circumstances, and the risks the person would face upon returning to Iran are examined in detail.
The Red Card (Tarjeta Roja)
After the application is officially filed, a document known as the "red card" is issued, guaranteeing the applicant's legal residence on Spanish soil until the final decision is issued. This card must be carried by the person throughout the entire case review period and is periodically renewed.
Your Rights During Case Review
| Right | Description |
|---|---|
| Access to public healthcare | Health coverage similar to other legal residents of Spain |
| Housing at reception centers (CETI/CAR) | For applicants who lack sufficient financial means |
| Right to work | After six months from filing the application, if a final decision has not been issued |
Staying at government reception centers is not mandatory; it is only considered for applicants who lack sufficient financial means to secure independent accommodation and is allocated based on an individual assessment of each applicant's circumstances.
The Right to Work After Six Months
If six months have passed since the date the asylum application was officially filed and a final decision has still not been issued, the applicant automatically gains the right to receive a temporary work permit. Since case review in practice often takes longer than this period, this right is available to most applicants.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the red card (Tarjeta Roja)?
It is a document issued after the asylum application is officially filed, which guarantees the applicant's legal residence on Spanish soil until a final decision is issued.
How long after entering Spain do I need to file my asylum application?
The application must be filed within a maximum of one month of entering Spain, at the border or at the immigration office/police station.
Is staying at government reception centers (CETI/CAR) mandatory?
No, housing at these centers is only for applicants who lack sufficient financial means to secure independent accommodation.
Exactly when do I gain the right to work?
Six months after the date the asylum application was officially filed, if a final decision has not yet been issued.